World Social Protection Report 2024–26: Universal Social Protection for Climate Action and a Just Transition

CLAIM CONNECTIONS / 9

Where this source is used

• A formal benefit or service does not by itself establish effective access, adequate support, redistribution, equality, autonomy, or improved health.

  • supports · Annex 2, legal and effective coverage measures

• Eligibility, financing, administration, delivery, coverage, benefit level, enforcement, appeals, and actual access are separate features that must be investigated rather than inferred from a program name.

  • supports · Annex 1, Social protection programme or scheme; Annex 2

• Social protection programs may be universal or categorical, contributory, means-tested, tax-financed, employment-linked, or conditional, and several forms commonly coexist within one system.

  • supports · Annex 1, contributory, non-contributory, means-tested, conditional, and universal schemes

• Social insurance generally pools contributions against specified risks, while social assistance is usually non-contributory and conditions eligibility on a means test or another measure of need.

  • supports · Annex 1, Contributory scheme, Means test, Non-contributory scheme, Social assistance, and Social insurance definitions

• In the ILO glossary, universal benefits require only residence, while categorical benefits cover a broad population category without a means test; either may be financed without individual contributions.

  • supports · Annex 1, Universal scheme/categorical scheme definition

• The ILO distinguishes public responsibility for social security from delivery, which may involve public institutions, private entities, occupational plans, mutual organizations, community arrangements, or self-help institutions.

  • supports · Annex 1, Social security, paragraphs on public responsibility and delivery

• A publicly financed or delivered service, an employment-linked occupational benefit, family provision, mutual aid, employer provision, and community self-help use different authorities and eligibility relationships even when they address similar risks.

  • supports · Annex 1, Social security and Social transfer definitions; paragraphs on public responsibility, occupational schemes, mutual benefit societies, and family or community provision

• Welfare State names a disputed institutional category in which public authority alters exposure to market and life-course risks through income guarantees, social insurance, assistance, services, regulation, or financing.

  • qualifies · Annex 1, Social protection, Social security, and Social transfer definitions

• The ILO uses social protection and social security for policies and programs addressing poverty, exclusion, health care, and specified life-course risks, while noting that other uses may include family or community provision or may narrow the term to poverty relief.

  • supports · Annex 1, Social protection and Social security definitions